Hemorrhoids cushions are normal structures of the lower rectum. They are very vascular and pathology develops when that vasculature becomes engorged (especially the veins). Itching and pain are common symptoms of hemorrhoid pathology. Hemorrhoids are classified on their origin relative to the dentate line: external (below the dentate line), internal (above the dentate line), and prolapsed internal hemorrhoids. Most hemorrhoids are treated with dietary modification (increase fiber) and stool softeners, but occasionally surgery is required. Table of Contents Definition of Hemorrhoids Epidemiology of Hemorrhoids Etiology of Hemorrhoids Pathology and Pathophysiology of Hemorrhoids Symptoms of Hemorrhoids Diagnosis of Hemorrhoids Differential Diagnoses of Hemorrhoids Therapy of Hemorrhoids Progression and Prognosis of Hemorrhoids Review Questions References Image : “Types of hemorrhoids” by WikipedianProlific and Mikae...
In Lecturio ;) Colorectal cancer originates from the colon and rectum in the body. It is a very common type of cancer in the United States. The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer involves complex pathways. There are different types of colonic polyps associated with colorectal cancer; mostly are precancerous in nature. In this article, different pathological mechanisms, colonic polyps, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer will be discussed in detail. Table of Contents Definition of Colon Cancer Overview of Colon Cancer Epidemiology of Colon Cancer Pathology and Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer Colonic Polyps and Colorectal Cancer Symptoms of Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Laboratory Tests of Colon Cancer Treatment of Colon Cancer Prognosis of Colon Cancer Review Questions References Image : “Gross pathology of villous adenoma” by Ed Uthman . License: Public Domain Defi...
Definition The name of this disease describes the multiple presence of indurations (= scleroses) in the central nervous system. This is a chronic, immune mediated progressive inflammatory CNS disease that harms the myelin sheath and the nerve cells in variable degrees leading to physical disabilities. Epidemiology MS is the most common inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord. It has a frequency of approximately 1:1000 in the EU and the U.S. For example, about 2,500 patients in Germany are diagnosed with this disease every year. Most of these patients are very young (20 to 30 years old) and are in a phase of their lives in which chronic diseases are far removed from daily life. MS is one of the most common causes of long-term disability in young patients, with women being affected 2 to 3 times more frequently. It is an extreme burden for many previously healthy patients to be faced with a MS diagnos...
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