Hemorrhoids cushions are normal structures of the lower rectum. They are very vascular and pathology develops when that vasculature becomes engorged (especially the veins). Itching and pain are common symptoms of hemorrhoid pathology. Hemorrhoids are classified on their origin relative to the dentate line: external (below the dentate line), internal (above the dentate line), and prolapsed internal hemorrhoids. Most hemorrhoids are treated with dietary modification (increase fiber) and stool softeners, but occasionally surgery is required. Table of Contents Definition of Hemorrhoids Epidemiology of Hemorrhoids Etiology of Hemorrhoids Pathology and Pathophysiology of Hemorrhoids Symptoms of Hemorrhoids Diagnosis of Hemorrhoids Differential Diagnoses of Hemorrhoids Therapy of Hemorrhoids Progression and Prognosis of Hemorrhoids Review Questions References Image : “Types of hemorrhoids” by WikipedianProlific and Mikae...
In Lecturio ;) Colorectal cancer originates from the colon and rectum in the body. It is a very common type of cancer in the United States. The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer involves complex pathways. There are different types of colonic polyps associated with colorectal cancer; mostly are precancerous in nature. In this article, different pathological mechanisms, colonic polyps, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer will be discussed in detail. Table of Contents Definition of Colon Cancer Overview of Colon Cancer Epidemiology of Colon Cancer Pathology and Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer Colonic Polyps and Colorectal Cancer Symptoms of Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Laboratory Tests of Colon Cancer Treatment of Colon Cancer Prognosis of Colon Cancer Review Questions References Image : “Gross pathology of villous adenoma” by Ed Uthman . License: Public Domain Defi...
In Lecturio ;) - During puberty, a child’s body matures into the body of an adult. During this process, pathological faults can occur. An early onset of puberty might, for example, cause dwarfism. Psychological stress of the patients is not negligible and should be taken into consideration in medical consultation. The following article provides soon-to-be physicians with a summary of puberty and its malfunctions, so that a correct diagnosis and treatment can be conducted. Image left and right : „Tanner scale – women” und „Tanner-scale – men“ by M•Komorniczak. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Puberty Definition of puberty The word puberty derives from the Latin word “ pubertas” and means sexual maturity. It covers the period of time from the first appearance of secondary sexual characteristics until achieving full fertility. Onset of puberty Over the years, the median age at the onset of puberty has decreased furth...
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