Regulation of Aldosterone

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Hemorrhoids (Piles) — Symptoms and Treatment

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Hemorrhoids cushions are normal structures of the lower rectum.  They are very vascular and pathology develops when that vasculature becomes engorged (especially the veins). Itching and pain are common symptoms of hemorrhoid pathology. Hemorrhoids are classified on their origin relative to the dentate line: external (below the dentate line), internal (above the dentate line), and prolapsed internal hemorrhoids. Most hemorrhoids are treated with dietary modification (increase fiber) and stool softeners, but occasionally surgery is required. Table of Contents Definition of Hemorrhoids Epidemiology of Hemorrhoids Etiology of Hemorrhoids Pathology and Pathophysiology of Hemorrhoids Symptoms of Hemorrhoids Diagnosis of Hemorrhoids Differential Diagnoses of Hemorrhoids Therapy of Hemorrhoids Progression and Prognosis of Hemorrhoids Review Questions References Image : “Types of hemorrhoids” by WikipedianProlific and Mikae...
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Colon Cancer (Colorectal Cancer) — Causes, Symptoms and Prognosis

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In Lecturio ;) Colorectal cancer originates from the colon and rectum in the body. It is a very common type of cancer in the United States. The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer involves complex pathways. There are different types of colonic polyps associated with colorectal cancer; mostly are precancerous in nature. In this article, different pathological mechanisms, colonic polyps, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer will be discussed in detail. Table of Contents Definition of Colon Cancer Overview of Colon Cancer Epidemiology of Colon Cancer Pathology and Pathophysiology of Colon Cancer Colonic Polyps and Colorectal Cancer Symptoms of Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Laboratory Tests of Colon Cancer Treatment of Colon Cancer Prognosis of Colon Cancer Review Questions References Image : “Gross pathology of villous adenoma” by  Ed Uthman . License:  Public Domain Defi...
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Gallstones — Causes, Risks and Treatment

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In Lecturio - Gallstones are common in the United States, especially among the Hispanic population. They are common among the fatty fertile females in their forties. The gallstones are mostly asymptomatic that do not need treatment except in certain high-risk groups. The symptomatic patients present with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and cholecystectomy is the primary treatment option in these patients. Table of Contents Background Pathophysiology of Biliary Disease Epidemiology of Gallstones Types of gallstones Clinical Presentation of Gallstones Diagnostic Workup of Gallstones Disease Treatment Options for Gallstones Complications of Gallstones Conclusion References Are you more of a visual learner? Check out our online video lectures and start your pathology course now for free! <img width="600" height="366" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhAQABAPAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAEACAkQBADs=" data-la...
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