CAPNOGRAFIA

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O CO2 produzido durante o metabolismo celular é transportado pelo sistema venoso ao átrio e ao ventrículo direitos, chega aos pulmões e difunde-se dos capilares aos alvéolos. Dos alvéolos, este gás é finalmente eliminado com a mistura exalada.

A quantidade de CO2 que alcança os espaços alveolares é proporcional ao débito cardíaco e ao fluxo sanguíneo pulmonar. A eliminação deste gás para o ambiente depende da eficácia da ventilação.

Assim, a medida do CO2 ao final da expiração (ETCO2) permite a monitorização contínua e não invasiva do gás alveolar, indiretamente refletindo  seus níveis circulantes.

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Alguns aparelhos calculam a fração de CO2 na mistura exalada (FETCO2) dividindo a pressão parcial deste gás (PETCO2) pela pressão atmosférica.
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A capnometria é a medida da pressão parcial de CO2 na mistura gasosa expirada. A representação gráfica da curva da pressão parcial de CO2 na mistura gasosa expirada, em relação ao tempo, é denominada capnografia.

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