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Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) include a group of illnesses that can be mild to life-threatening where the upper respiratory tract is the main affected part. The infecting organism can affect the sinuses, the nasal passages, the pharynx or the larynx. Several diseases can be put under the umbrella of URIs which include rhinitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis and tracheitis. Table of Contents Definition of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Epidemiology of URIs Classification of URIs Etiologies of URIs Pathophysiology of URIs Details of Different URIs Clinical Presentation of URIs Diagnostic Workup in URIs Treatment of URIs References Image : “This (pseudocolored) negative-stained (false-colored) transmission electron micrograph (TEM) depicts the ultrastructural details of an influenza virus particle, or “virion”.” by Photo Credit: Cynthia Goldsmith Content Providers(s): CDC/ Dr. Erskine. L. Palmer; Dr. M. L. Martin – This media comes f...

iN LECTURIO ;) - Many of the materials we use in our daily lives contain carbonyl compounds – from pharmaceutical agents to cosmetic products. This article will discuss the carbonyl compounds, focusing on their structures and chemical reactions. Carbohydrates will also be discussed in this article. Table of Contents Carbonyl Compounds Carbonyl Structure Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophilic Addition Carbohydrates Oxidation and Reduction Review Questions References Image : “Chemistry” by Quinn Dombrowski. License:  CC BY-SA 2.0 Carbonyl Compounds In organic chemistry, a carbonyl compounds are a functional group consisting of a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom. Many different kinds of carbonyl compounds are present in nature. They all  contain an acyl group (R-C=O) with another substituent attached to it . The R part of the structure can be any alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group. It can also have other  functional group...